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Battery Safety & Standards Blog

Can Battery Firmware Be Safely Updated in the Field? How BMS Firmware Updates Work

Smartphones can update automatically overnight, and modern vehicles can do the same while parked. Both contain software that improves over time, and neither needs new hardware to get better. 

A modern battery works the same way. Inside every battery module there is a battery management system, or BMS, a small computer that keeps the cells safe, tracks how much energy is left, and tells the machine it powers what it needs to know. Like any computer, it runs software. And like any software, that software occasionally needs to change. 

What happens when the software inside a battery has to be updated while that battery is already installed in a machine, at a customer site, doing a job? Can it be done safely, and what happens if something goes wrong halfway through? How does Cleantron approach this for safety and reliability? 

Why Does a Battery Need a Firmware Update? 

Ideally, a battery leaves the factory with software that does exactly the right thing for its entire working life. In practice, the world around the battery keeps moving. Machines get revised. New chargers and accessories appear. Real operating conditions turn out to be colder, hotter, or more demanding than anyone expected. A software update lets the battery adapt to all of that without replacing a single piece of hardware. 

In practice, that might mean sharpening the remaining charge estimate in cold weather, improving how several packs cooperate in a larger system, adjusting current limits to suit a particular machine, or adding support for a new charger. 

Sometimes bugs can happen. Careful design, review and testing significantly reduce the risk, but no amount of testing anticipates every situation a product will meet across thousands of machines and years of service. Being able to correct something in the field, rather than recalling hardware, is a large part of what makes a product dependable. 

How Does a Battery Firmware Update Work

An update replaces the software stored in the battery memory with a newer tested version. Before that new software is allowed to run, the battery checks that what it received is complete and undamaged. If any of the checks do not pass, the software does not run. 

That check is the foundation of a safe update process. The battery only runs software that has been verified as complete and intact, preventing a failed or incomplete transfer from causing unexpected behavior later on. 

What Happens If a Battery Firmware Update Is Interrupted? 

This is usually the main concern. A cable is disconnected, the machine loses power, or a laptop goes to sleep during the update, leaving the battery somewhere between the old software and the new version. Does that mean the battery is no longer usable? 

No, because it is not the only program on board. Alongside the main software sits a small, permanent program called a bootloader. It is never replaced during an update, so it is always there. If an update stops partway, the battery simply falls back to the bootloader and waits. The update is then started again from the beginning, and there is nothing to repair and nothing to send back to the manufacturer. 

There is more than one way to solve this problem. A battery could instead keep a complete copy of its old software and switch back to it if an update fails, but that requires roughly twice the memory and therefore a more expensive controller.

How Are Battery Firmware Updates Safely Performed in the Field? 

Consumer devices such as smartphones can update automatically in the background. Industrial batteries are deliberately handled differently. Firmware updates are performed while the machine is safely out of operation, using a wired connection and under controlled supervision. 

This is a deliberate design choice, not a limitation. When software plays a role in the safe operation of a large battery system, it is important to control when updates are carried out and to verify afterwards that the system is operating as expected. 

Convenience here means something different from invisibility: the procedure should be quick, guided, and possible for a normal service team to carry out without specialist knowledge. Fleet operators updating dozens of machines feel the difference immediately. 

How Cleantron Makes BMS Firmware Updates Safe and Reliable 

Cleantron tests and validates firmware extensively before release, so that corrective updates are rarely needed in the first place. At the same time, the BMS is designed on the assumption that an update will eventually be necessary — for new functionality, for compatibility with new equipment, or occasionally for a fix. 

Every Cleantron battery therefore carries a separate bootloader that remains available regardless of what happens to the main software. It verifies each new firmware version before allowing it to run and enables an interrupted update to be restarted without requiring further intervention.

Around that, Cleantron supplies software tools that guide the operator through the process and leave little room for mistakes. The result is a battery that can be updated and improved throughout its service life, directly in the field and without unnecessary downtime or complexity. 

Why Cleantron for EV batteries?

Cleantron is an European leader in advanced lithium-ion batteries. We provide made in The Netherlands advanced batteries for light electric vehicles and other market sectors, like agricultural and industrial applications and solutions. Our products are built on captive BMS technology and the commitment to a long-term reliability. Whether you’re developing LEVs or micro cars, our battery technology gives you the flexibility and reliability to scale successfully.

We provide a full range of modular batteries, including low voltage and high voltage solutions. 

Alongside our standard batteries, Cleantron’s core business is to develop tailored battery modules for OEM customers. 

Contact us to see how Cleantron can help power your next product.

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Battery Safety & Standards Blog Technology

Accurate State of Charge (SoC) in Lithium-ion Batteries: Challenges, Validation, OEM Benefits

Accurate State of Charge (SoC) estimation is the foundation to performance, safety, and longevity of lithium-ion battery systems. SoC is not a directly measurable quantity. It is derived from voltage, current, temperature, and time using model-based algorithms. In practical terms, SoC determines how much usable energy remains, when to limit power and when to initiate protective actions.

For OEMs and end-users, inaccurate SoC translates into tangible risk: unexpected shutdowns, conservative derating that reduces available power, accelerated degradation due to suboptimal charging strategies, and suboptimal thermal management. In electrified platforms, whether construction machinery, light mobility applications, or industrial batteries, SoC directly influences range indication, peak power delivery, and risk of misuse. Robust SoC estimation is therefore not merely a software feature, but a system-level requirement for reliability, safety compliance, and commercial viability.

Why extreme conditions are difficult

Extreme operating conditions expose the limitations of simplistic estimation strategies. At low temperatures, internal resistance increases, diffusion dynamics slow, and open-circuit voltage curves flatten, reducing observability and amplifying estimation error. At high temperatures, side reactions and nonlinear degradation effects alter cell characteristics in ways that static models fail to capture.

Additionally, real-world duty cycles introduce highly dynamic current profiles. Rapid transients, regenerative pulses, and high C-rate discharges cause voltage polarization and hysteresis effects that distort the apparent Accurate State of Charge. Depth of Discharge (DoD) further complicates matters: partial cycling behaves differently from full cycling, and aging mechanisms vary depending on the operating window.

These nonlinear, temperature-dependent, and cycle-dependent phenomena make SoC estimation fundamentally a challenge. Algorithms must remain stable and accurate across the entire operational envelope, not only under nominal laboratory conditions.

Importance of validation and how Cleantron does it

Because SoC cannot be measured directly, validation must rely on experimental characterization. Cleantron has performed extensive fine-tuning of its battery models through comprehensive validation campaigns across the full temperature spectrum. Testing was conducted at both low and high temperature extremes to capture resistance shifts, capacity variation, and kinetic effects that influence estimation performance.

Beyond temperature, validation covered diverse cycling strategies. Realife drive cycles were used to emulate practical application loads, including dynamic current profiles representative of end-use environments. In parallel, controlled artificial cycles were applied to isolate specific electrochemical behaviors and stress conditions. Furthermore, multiple DoD windows were used across these tests to ensure accuracy across partial and full cycling regimes.

This multi-dimensional dataset enabled iterative refinement of model parameters, observer tuning, and validation against ground-truth capacity measurements. The result is a SoC estimation framework that remains stable, accurate, and robust under thermal stress, high dynamics, and long-term cycling.

Practical takeaway for OEMs

For OEMs integrating Cleantron battery systems, validated Accurate State of Charge estimation translates directly into predictable performance and reduced integration risk. You gain reliable range prediction, stable power availability across temperature extremes, and minimized risk of unexpected shutdown or accelerated degradation.

Because our models have been tuned and validated across realistic and worst-case scenarios, system behavior in the field closely matches engineering expectations. This reduces calibration effort, shortens development timelines, and improves confidence during certification and customer deployment.

To sum up, rigorous SoC validation is what converts a battery pack from a component into a dependable energy system. And best of all, it is already embedded in Cleantron’s BMS platform!

Why Cleantron for EV batteries?

Cleantron is an European leader in advanced lithium-ion batteries. We provide made in The Netherlands advanced batteries for light electric vehicles and other market sectors, like agricultural and industrial applications and solutions. Our products are built on captive BMS technology and the commitment to a long-term reliability. Whether you’re developing LEVs or micro cars, our battery technology gives you the flexibility and reliability to scale successfully.

We provide a full range of modular batteries, including low voltage and high voltage solutions. 

Alongside our standard batteries, Cleantron’s core business is to develop tailored battery modules for OEM customers. 

Contact us to see how Cleantron can help power your next product.

Categories
Battery Safety & Standards Blog Technology

Why a Battery Management System is Essential for Modern Energy Applications?

As battery-powered systems continue to evolve in complexity and scale, the importance of intelligent control mechanisms becomes increasingly evident.

A Battery Management System (BMS) is essential for ensuring that batteries operate safely, efficiently, and reliably across a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to industrial machinery.

Without a BMS, even the most advanced battery cells are susceptible to misuse, premature ageing, and failure. For technical professionals working with battery-integrated systems, understanding the role and capabilities of a BMS is key to unlocking performance and longevity.

 

Safety Monitoring: The Foundation of BMS

The first and most fundamental function of a BMS is safety monitoring. This involves real-time tracking of voltage, temperature, and current across individual cells and the entire pack. Voltage must be kept within strict boundaries to prevent overcharging or deep discharging, both of which can lead to degradation or hazardous conditions. Temperature monitoring ensures the battery remains within its safe operating range, avoiding thermal runaway or accelerated wear. Current sensing protects against excessive loads or charging rates that could damage the cells. Together, these safeguards form the foundation of a robust and secure battery system.

Battery State Estimation: Unlocking Performance Insights

A second critical function is battery state estimation, which provides insight into the battery’s internal condition—data that cannot be directly measured. This includes estimating the State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and State of Power (SoP). Accurate estimation enables better energy management, predictive maintenance, and system optimization. For example, SoC informs range predictions and charging strategies, while SoH helps assess remaining useful life and plan replacements. These estimations rely on advanced algorithms that interpret sensor data, historical usage, and electrochemical models to deliver actionable insights.

Cell Balancing: Ensuring Longevity and Consistency

The third key functionality is cell balancing, which ensures uniform charge distribution across all cells in a pack. Over time, cells can drift apart due to manufacturing differences and usage patterns, leading to reduced capacity and increased stress on weaker cells. The BMS uses passive or active balancing techniques to equalize voltages, extending battery life and maintaining performance. This is especially important in high-demand applications where consistency and reliability are paramount.

The Cleantron BMS exemplifies advanced battery management with features tailored for demanding applications. It offers highly accurate state of charge and state of health estimation, enabling precise energy control and lifecycle planning. Its temperature-controlled charging ensures optimal thermal conditions during charge cycles, reducing ageing and enhancing safety. Additionally, Cleantron’s innovative Multi Pack Configuration (MPC) allows multiple BMS units to operate in masterless parallel configurations, simplifying system architecture and improving scalability. These capabilities make the Cleantron BMS a powerful solution for modern battery systems that require flexibility, intelligence, and reliability.

In conclusion, the Battery Management System is a critical enabler of safe, efficient, and long-lasting battery operation. As battery applications grow in scale and complexity, the BMS becomes increasingly central—not just as a protective layer, but as a sophisticated control unit that optimizes performance and extends battery life. By managing safety parameters, estimating internal states, and maintaining cell balance, the BMS ensures that battery systems can meet the high expectations of modern energy applications.

The Cleantron’s Battery Management System Advantage

The Cleantron BMS stands out in this landscape by combining robust safety features with advanced control capabilities. Its precise state of charge and health estimation, intelligent temperature-controlled charging, and innovative Multi Pack Configuration (MPC) architecture offer a flexible and scalable solution for demanding applications. Whether deployed in a single pack or across a distributed system, the Cleantron BMS provides the intelligence and reliability needed to support the next generation of battery-powered technologies.

In conclusion, the Battery Management System is a critical enabler of safe, efficient, and long-lasting battery operation. As battery applications grow in scale and complexity, the BMS becomes increasingly central—not just as a protective layer, but as a sophisticated control unit that optimizes performance and extends battery life. By managing safety parameters, estimating internal states, and maintaining cell balance, the BMS ensures that battery systems can meet the high expectations of modern energy applications.

The Cleantron BMS stands out in this landscape by combining robust safety features with advanced control capabilities. Its precise state of charge and health estimation, intelligent temperature-controlled charging, and innovative Multi Pack Configuration (MPC) architecture offer a flexible and scalable solution for demanding applications. Whether deployed in a single pack or across a distributed system, the Cleantron BMS provides the intelligence and reliability needed to support the next generation of battery-powered technologies.

Why Cleantron for Electric Vehicles Batteries?

Cleantron is an European leader in advanced lithium-ion batteries. We provide made in The Netherlands advanced batteries for light electric vehicles and other market sectors, like agricultural and industrial applications and solutions. Our products are built on captive BMS technology and the commitment to a long-term reliability. Whether you’re developing LEVs or micro cars, our battery technology gives you the flexibility and reliability to scale successfully.

We provide a full range of modular batteries, including low voltage and high voltage solutions. 

Alongside our standard batteries, Cleantron’s core business is to develop tailored battery modules for OEM customers. 

Contact us to see how Cleantron can help power your next product.

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Battery Safety & Standards Blog News

How to safely store Lithium-ion batteries: Guidelines PGS37-2

Proper safe storage of lithium-ion batteries is important to prevent potential risks such as fires and explosions. This shows how essential it is to follow safety regulations. This article explains how Cleantron is dedicated to providing safe and compliant energy storage solutions for a wide range of applications.


The key risk of lithium-ion batteries is the occurrence of Thermal Runaway. This occurs when there is a failure (mechanical, thermal, or electrical) inside a battery cell leading to increased temperature, which at a certain moment fuels itself in a positive feedback loop. This can in turn ignite neighboring cells, potentially resulting in a severe chain effect of explosion and fire.


PGS37-2 is a safety guideline that outlines standards for the storage of lithium-ion batteries, with the aim to prevent accidents and reduce the effects of Thermal Runaway. This Dutch guideline describes a number of measures, including how batteries should be assessed upon receipt, how to properly segregate and store them, how to take sufficient precautions against fire propagation, and how to ensure a state-of-the-art fire suppression and alarm system is in place. Additionally, it promotes environmental safety by establishing rules that reduce adverse environmental effects in the case of an incident.


As a leader in the European li-ion battery industry, Cleantron supports the new regulations in order to create a safe and sustainable future. The purpose of these regulations is to facilitate the safe incorporation of energy storage technologies into a variety of applications, which include industrial machines and electric vehicles. Cleantron ensures compliance and contributes to the development of innovative energy storage systems that are scalable, ecologically responsible, and efficient by coordinating our operations with the most recent guidelines.

>> Read more about PGS372

>> Read more about Cleantron’s Certification and test

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Battery Safety & Standards Blog

Elevating Safety Standards

We proudly extend our sincere congratulations to Chaantremi Shullai for successfully clearing the ISO 26262 exam and earning the prestigious designation of a certified ‘Functional Safety Professional’!

 

By accomplishing the TÜV ISO 26262 certification, a widely recognized standard, Chaantremi has fortified Cleantron with the readiness to meet the demands of our business and excel in strict compliance with the ISO 26262 standard. This remarkable achievement stands as a testimony to Cleantron’s commitment to maintaining the highest standards of functional safety.

 

Chaantremi’s attainment of the ISO 26262 certificate has bestowed upon Cleantron a notable competitive advantage. Their adeptness in building internal competencies enables the effective and efficient handling of functional safety projects, ensuring that we remain at the forefront of safety and quality within our industry.

 

 

It is worth noting that while the ISO 26262 certification primarily centers around the automotive industry, Chaantremi’s profound knowledge extends to other pertinent functional safety standards such as the esteemed IEC 61508. This versatility broadens Cleantron’s horizons and equips us to tackle diverse safety challenges across multiple domains.

 

We commend Chaantremi for their exceptional dedication and expertise, which contribute significantly to Cleantron’s pursuit of excellence in functional safety. This accomplishment further reinforces our commitment to safeguarding the welfare of our clients and partners.

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